Interception has several objectives ( 4, 5 ): preventing initial involvement in the criminal justice system, decreasing admissions to jail, engaging individuals in treatment as soon as possible, minimizing time spent moving through the criminal justice system, linking individuals to community treatment upon release from incarceration, and decreasing the rate of return to the criminal justice system. The model addresses his key question of how we can prevent such recycling by showing the ways in which people typically move through the criminal justice system and prompting considerations about how to intercept those with mental illness, who often have co-occurring substance use disorders. The Sequential Intercept Model expands that work by addressing Steadman's ( 4 ) observation that people with mental illness often cycle repeatedly between the criminal justice system and community services. The Sequential Intercept Model complements the work of Landsberg and colleagues ( 3 ) who developed an action blueprint for addressing system change for people with mental illness who are involved in the New York City criminal justice system. ![]() As systems and collaboration develop, the filter will become more finely meshed, and fewer individuals will move past each intercept point.įigure 1 The Sequential Intercept Model viewed as a series of filters Few will be intercepted early, and more people with mental illness will move through all levels of the criminal justice system. ![]() In communities with poorly developed mental health systems and no active collaboration between the mental health and criminal justice systems, the filters will be porous. Each point of interception can be considered a filter ( Figure 1 ). Ideally, most people will be intercepted at early points. With both this ideal and current realities in mind, we envision a series of "points of interception" or opportunities for an intervention to prevent individuals with mental illness from entering or penetrating deeper into the criminal justice system. However, people with mental illness should not be arrested or incarcerated simply because of their mental disorder or lack of access to appropriate treatment-nor should such people be detained in jails or prisons longer than others simply because of their illness. People with mental illness who commit crimes with criminal intent that are unrelated to symptomatic mental illness should be held accountable for their actions, as anyone else would be. Although the nature of mental illness makes it likely that people with symptomatic illness will have contact with law enforcement and the courts, the presence of mental illness should not result in unnecessary arrest or incarceration. ![]() We start with the ideal that people with mental disorders should not "penetrate" the criminal justice system at a greater frequency than people in the same community without mental disorders (personal communication, Steadman H, Feb 23, 2001). The Sequential Intercept Model: ideals and description
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